N756HL

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On February 4, 2002, about 1042 Alaska standard time, a wheel-equipped Cessna 206 airplane, N756HL, was destroyed when the airplane collided with remote, snow-covered terrain, during cruise flight, about 80 nautical miles northwest of Bethel, Alaska. The airplane was being operated as a visual flight rules (VFR) on-demand cargo/U.S. mail flight under Title 14, CFR Part 135, when the accident occurred. The airplane was registered to a private individual, and operated by Flight Alaska, Inc., dba: Yute Air Alaska. The solo certificated commerical pilot received fatal injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the departure airport, and no flight plan was filed. The flight originated at the Bethel Airport, Bethel, at 1004, and was en route to Chevak, Alaska.

According to the company's director of operations, when the flight failed to return to Bethel by 1430, company personnel initiated a phone search, and discovered that the flight had never reached Chevak. The flight was officially reported overdue to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) about 1545.

About 1209, an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) signal was received by a search and rescue satellite. Personnel from the Bethel wing of the Civil Air Patrol were dispatched to conduct an aerial search, and determine the source of the ELT signal. The Civil Air Patrol personnel reported that they were unable to complete the mission due to low clouds, low visibility, and icing conditions. At 1605, an Alaska Army National Guard HH-60 helicopter was dispatched from Bethel to begin an aerial search. The helicopter crew located the wreckage about 1650, about 70 miles east of Chevak, along the accident airplane's anticipated route of flight.

CREW INFORMATION

The pilot held a commerical pilot certificate with airplane single-engine land, single engine sea, and instrument airplane ratings. The most recent second-class medical certificate was issued to the pilot on April 6, 2001, and contained no limitations. No personal flight records were located for the pilot. According to company records, the pilot's total aeronautical experience consisted of 7,800 hours, of which 200 hours were accrued in the accident airplane make and model. In the preceding 90 and 30 days prior to the accident, the company listed the pilot's flight time as 20 and 10 hours, respectively. The operator hired the pilot on May 7, 2001. According to the operator's director of operations, prior to joining the company, the accident pilot had accrued extensive 14 CFR Part 135 experience flying in Alaska,. The pilot completed an airman competency/proficiency check flight under Title 14 CFR Part 135.293 (Initial and Recurrent Testing), and 135.299 (Pilot-in-Command Line Check), with the chief pilot for the operator in a Cessna 207 airplane on April 25, 2001. In the remarks section of FAA form number 8410-3 (airman competency/proficiency check form), the chief pilot wrote: "Demonstrated instrument proficiency."

The accident flight was the pilot's first flight of the day.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATION

The airplane had accumulated a total time in service of 10,607.2 hours. The most recent 100 hour inspection was accomplished on November 29, 2001, 46.2 hours before the accident.

The engine had accrued a total time in service of 5,337.1 hours, and 844.5 hours since overhaul.

METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION

According to the company's director of operations, the pilot obtained current weather information for Chevak from the flight-planning desk located at the operator's base of operation in Bethel. The director of operations reported that company operations personnel in Bethel collect this weather information by calling each village agent in the villages serviced by the operator.

In a written statement provided to the National Transportation Safety Board, the employee who prepared the weather information prior to the accident flight's departure, said that he called the village agent in Chevak about 0900, and requested the current weather conditions. He added that weather information and aircraft loading calculations were relayed to the accident pilot prior to his departure. According to company records provided by the operator, the 0900 weather for Chevak was reported as: Sky conditions and ceiling, 5,000 feet overcast; visibility, 20 statute miles; wind from the northeast at 10 knots.

The closest weather observation station to the accident site is Hooper Bay, Alaska, which is located about 60 nautical miles west of the accident site. On February 4, at 1035, an unaugmented AWOS was reporting, in part: Wind, 190 degrees (true) at 6 knots; visibility, missing; clouds, 100 feet overcast; temperature, 19 degrees F; dew point, 17 degrees F; altimeter, 28.93 inHg.

Bethel is located about 80 nautical miles southeast of the accident site. At 1053 an Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) was reporting, in part: Sky conditions and ceiling, 3,900 feet broken; visibility, 10 statute miles; wind, 050 degrees at 13 knots; temperature, 10 degrees F; dew point, minus 6 degrees F; altimeter, 28.90.

An area forecast for the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, issued on February 4, 2002, at 0545, and valid until 1800, was forecasting, in part: Clouds and weather, 2,000 feet scattered, 5,000 feet broken, tops at 8,000 feet, with layers above 26,000 feet.

An AIRMET valid until 0000, was forecasting mountain obscuration in clouds and precipitation along the pilot's planned route of flight, with occasional moderate rime icing conditions in the clouds from 1,200 feet to 10,000 feet.

A pilot who departed from Chevak about 1043 en route to Bethel, characterized the weather conditions between Bethel and the accident site as overcast with ceilings ranging between 1,000 and 1,300 feet. He said that as his flight progressed, and as he approached the site where the wreckage was eventually discovered, he encountered momentary visibility restrictions due to fog and light snow. He added that flat light conditions made it very difficult to discern any topographic features among the featureless, snow-covered terrain. The pilot stated that he changed his route in order to avoid worsening weather conditions.

A pilot who departed Bethel about 25 minutes before the accident airplane's departure, also en route to Chevak, characterized the weather conditions along the accident airplane's route as "low visibility with light snow squalls moving through the area." He added that flat light conditions made it very difficult to discern any topographic features. He said that with satisfactory weather conditions, and given the intended destination of the accident airplane, the standard route of flight would be directly over the flat, featureless area where the accident occurred.

COMMUNICATIONS

Review of the air-ground radio communications tapes maintained by the FAA at the Bethel Flight Service Station (FSS) facility, revealed that just before takeoff from Bethel, the pilot communicated with the local ground and tower control positions. After departure, no further communications were received from the accident airplane.

A transcript of the air to ground communications between the airplane and Bethel local control is included in the public docket for this accident.

WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigator-in-charge, along with an additional NTSB investigator, and the operator's chief pilot, examined the wreckage at the accident site on February 6, 2002. About 2 inches of snow had fallen at the wreckage site since the accident. A depression in the snow, followed by a path of wreckage debris to the main wreckage point of rest, was observed on a magnetic heading of approximately 095 degrees, consistent with the airplane impacting the ground on a southeasterly heading (opposite of the on-course heading for the intended flight).

The first observed point of impact was the semi-circular depression noted above. It was about four feet wide and eight feet long. Two smaller impressions were observed on either side of the main depression. The first portion of the airplane located along the wreckage path was the right-side fuselage step. The step was located within the initial impact depression. About 20 feet beyond the depression was the aft section of the airplane's right-side cargo door. Additional portions of the airplane were found along the wreckage path, and included, in the order observed: right elevator, portions of the upper engine cowling, the right wingtip fairing, the nose wheel strut, the right main landing gear leg, the forward section of the right-side cargo door, fragments of the engine mount, nose cargo door and nose wheel, portions of the nose/engine keel structure, and propeller.

The main wreckage came to rest about 250 feet from the initial impact depression. The airplane was lying inverted. Both wings remained attached to the fuselage.

Both wing lift struts were attached to the wing, but separated from the fuselage. Both wings displayed extensive aft crushing of the leading edges.

The empennage, just forward of the vertical stabilizer attach point, was twisted and buckled to the left. The empennage came to rest in an upright position. Both horizontal stabilizers sustained extensive aft crushing of the leading edges. The vertical stabilizer and rudder were free of any major damage.

The flap jackscrew actuator was in the retracted position. According to the airplane manufacturer, the flap jackscrew extension corresponded to a zero flap condition.

The propeller hub assembly separated from the engine at the engine crankshaft propeller flange. The propeller was located about 204 feet from the initial observed point of impact. All six bolts attaching the propeller to the crankshaft flange were sheared. All three propeller blades were retained in the hub, but were loose and rot...