N421TJ

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On February 16, 2003, at 2002 eastern standard time, a Cessna 421, N421TJ was destroyed when it impacted trees and terrain in Ferguson, Kentucky, while on an instrument approach to Somerset-Pulaski County Airport - J.T. Wilson Field (SME), Somerset, Kentucky. The certificated commercial pilot, a pilot-rated passenger, and one other passenger were fatally injured. Four additional passengers were seriously injured. Night instrument meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which originated at Griffith-Merrillville Airport (05C), Griffith, Indiana. An instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan was filed for the corporate flight, conducted under 14 CFR Part 91.

A review of the air traffic control transcript revealed that at 1944, the pilot contacted the London Sector Radar position of Indianapolis Center, while descending out of 12,000 feet, and requested the GPS RWY 22 approach at Somerset. The controller responded that he had the request, and that the altimeter setting at London was 29.86. The controller then asked the pilot if he had the current weather at Somerset, and the pilot responded that he did. The controller then confirmed with the pilot, which fix he was proceeding to, and reconfirmed that the pilot wanted the GPS RWY 22 approach.

At 1945, the controller cleared the airplane down to 5,000 feet, and advised the pilot that he'd have the approach clearance in a couple of minutes.

At 1948, the controller asked the pilot if he had the current NOTAMS (Notices to Airmen). The pilot responded that he did, and that the pilot-controlled runway lighting was out. The pilot then asked the controller for any additional items, and the controller responded that the airport beacon was out, as well as the pilot controlled lighting.

At 1949, the pilot responded, "yes we're aware of all of the (unintelligible) thank you."

The controller then cleared the pilot to maintain 3,600 feet until established on the approach, cleared him for the approach, and requested that the pilot report the field in sight, which the pilot acknowledged. About 30 seconds later, the pilot asked for a clearance outbound from the airport, stating that he would be on the ground for no longer than 10 minutes.

At 1957:06, the controller requested that the pilot report "established on the approach," and 10 seconds later, the pilot stated "actually we're established right now."

At 1957:24, the controller gave the pilot his outbound clearance, which the pilot read back.

At 1958:22, the controller stated, "change to advisory frequency approved," to which the pilot responded, "(unintelligible), thank you."

There were no further communications from the airplane.

The final three fixes for the instrument approach, the GPS RWY 22 approach, from northeast to southwest, were AZLEC, HITFO, and BABME. The inbound course from AZLEC, through HITFO, to BABME, was 241 degrees magnetic. The minimum descent altitude between AZLEC and HITFO was 2,800 feet above mean sea level (msl), and between HITFO and BABME, was 1,700 feet msl. The distance between AZLEC and HITFO was 5.0 nautical miles, and between HITFO and BABME was 5.3 nautical miles. Runway 22 was 0.5 nautical miles beyond BABME.

Along the approach path, traveling northeast to southwest, there was a hill that rose to an elevation of about 1,240 feet, then descended down toward the airport. The top of the hill was about 1.5 nautical miles from the airport, and there were saddlebacks on each side, leading to other hills.

Radar data revealed that the airplane joined the GPS RWY 22 inbound course between AZLEC and HITFO, at 2,600 feet. The last radar return, received at 2002:04, indicated that the airplane was 3/4 of a nautical mile beyond HITFO, about 1,000 feet left of course centerline, at 2,500 feet.

Two witnesses, who lived northeast of the accident site, stated that they saw the airplane through the back window of their house. One witness stated that the lights of the airplane were approximately the same level as the house. The sound of the airplane was "really loud," and the house shook as the airplane approached, then passed low overhead.

The witness then ran out the front door of the house, and watched the airplane pass over the crest of the hill and disappear from view. Immediately thereafter, there was a loud explosion and a fireball. When asked about the sounds of the engines, the witness stated that they were "smooth, continuous, and a constant roar."

The second witness stated that she was sitting on her couch and observed what appeared to be two headlights. She repeated several times that the airplane was "really low" as it passed over the house. The airplane then disappeared from view, and exploded. The witness also noted, that from her vantage point, she could only have seen the airplane if it had been close to the ground.

When asked about the sound of the engines, she stated that they were "really loud. It sounded like a normal plane, just really loud."

A third witness, driving on a nearby road, reported that she saw the airplane traveling "unusually low" and "very fast" in a westerly direction. The airplane crossed the road in front of her, and its lights were "bright and flashing." The witness remarked to her daughter that the airplane "would not make the airport," and after it disappeared from view, "an orange glow appeared in the trees." When asked to describe the airplane's altitude above the ground, the witness stated that she could see it by looking "straight out" of her windshield.

The Pulaski County Sheriff's Department received a 911 emergency call at 2003.

At 2131:16, after the accident had occurred, a Louisville Flight Service Station specialist confirmed, during a recorded review of Somerset NOTAMs, that, "airport beacon out of service," and shortly after that, he stated, "somerset four and two two pilot controlled lighting out of service medium intensity continuous."

According to excerpts from the surviving adult passenger's interrogatory, as provided by her attorney, she was asleep at the time of the accident. She remembered hearing a loud noise, then the sensations of being thrown violently and finding herself outside the airplane, in pain.

The accident occurred during the hours of darkness, in the vicinity of 37 degrees, 04.37 minutes north latitude, 84 degrees, 35.08 minutes west longitude.

PERSONNEL INFORMATION

The pilot held a commercial pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single engine land, multi-engine land, and instrument airplane. He also held a flight instructor certificate with ratings for airplane single engine land, multi-engine land, and instrument airplane. His most recent second class medical certificate on file with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was issued on November 30, 2001. However, on an insurance form provided by the pilot's employer, dated December 18, 2002, the pilot reported that his most recent second class medical certificate was issued on November 17, 2002.

The pilot's logbook was not located. On the insurance form obtained from the pilot's employer, the pilot listed 11,732 total hours of flight experience, 518 hours of which were in the Cessna 421. Within the previous 90 days of that date, the pilot recorded 280 hours of flight experience, 46 hours of which were in the Cessna 421.

The surviving adult passenger stated, in her interrogatory, that the pilot was flying the airplane when the accident occurred.

The pilot-rated passenger's employer reported that he was not acting as a crewmember, and was only "along for the ride." The pilot-rated passenger held a private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine land, multi-engine land, and instrument airplane. His most recent FAA first-class medical certificate was issued on April 30, 2002. Examination of his logbook revealed that he had accrued 249 total hours of flight experience, 29 hours of which were in multi-engine airplanes. The pilot-rated passenger had no flight experience in the Cessna 421.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATION

The airplane was manufactured in 1968, and its most recent annual inspection was completed on February 1, 2002. The latest pitot static check was completed on September 19, 2000.

AIRPORT INFORMATION

Somerset-Pulaski County Airport runway 22 was 5,600 feet long and 100 feet wide, and the runway touchdown elevation was 927 feet. Runway heading was 228 degrees magnetic. The airport was not tower-controlled. About 1.5 miles northeast of the airport, the terrain rose to about 1,250 feet.

METEROLOGICAL INFORMATION

At 1958, the weather recorded at Somerset included calm winds, an overcast ceiling at 700 feet, and 7 statute miles visibility. The temperature was 35 degrees Fahrenheit, the dew point was 35 degrees Fahrenheit, and the barometric pressure was 29.88 inches of mercury.

AIDS TO NAVIGATION

On February 18, 2003, FAA flight check personnel performed a flight inspection of the GPS RWY 22 approach. All parameters of the instrument approach were found to be satisfactory. Flight check personnel also performed a flight inspection of the precision approach path indicator lights for runway 22, and found them to be satisfactory.

WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION

An initial tree strike was found approximately 1 nautical mile northeast of BABME, and according to FAA flight check personnel, about 700 feet left of course centerline.

The initial tree strike was located near the crest of a saddleback, at an elevation of about 1,220 feet. A wreckage path, about 500 feet in length, and oriented in a direction of approximately 250 degrees magnetic, proceeded down the back side of the saddleback, toward the airport. The first ground scar was about 400 feet from the initial tree strike. Cut tree branches, many at 45-degree angles, were located along the wreckage path.

All flight control surfaces were located at the accident scene. The airplane's win...