N36DR

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On May 25, 2003, at 1754 central daylight time, a Piper PA-31P, N36DR, piloted by an airline transport pilot, sustained substantial damage when it impacted trees and terrain after takeoff from runway 36 (5,150 feet by 100 feet, asphalt), at the Lakeland Airport/Noble F. Lee Memorial Field (ARV), near Woodruff, Wisconsin. The airplane was consumed by fire subsequent to the impact. The 14 CFR Part 91 flight was operating in visual meteorological conditions and an instrument rules flight plan had been filed but not activated. All four occupants of the airplane were fatally injured. The flight was originating at the time of the accident. The DuPage Airport (DPA), West Chicago, Illinois, was the intended destination.

The airplane was reported to have been flown from DPA to ARV by the pilot and pilot rated passenger in order to pick up two passengers and return to DPA.

The airplane impacted into level wooded terrain about 1/2 mile north of the departure end of the runway and left of the extended runway centerline.

A witness who is a pilot reported seeing the airplane "hardly climbing at 60+- feet just above the [runway] 18 threshold. At this point he was making some power and no engine abnormalities or prop sounds were heard. The plane was very slow with a 5 [degree] pitch up then I saw the nose leveled and I knew he was in serious trouble. I saw the plane going straight for a few more seconds then lost sight. I listened as I ran to my truck. I then heard it hit the trees and impact."

Another witness reported seeing the airplane take-off. He reported that the sound was not normal and that this is what drew his attention to the airplane. He said that the airplane sounded labored. He reported that the airplane was not gaining altitude as expected and the airplane was much lower than he was accustomed to seeing. He stated that he lost sight of the airplane due to obstructions to his view. He stated that from the time the airplane drew his attention, to the time the airplane started hitting the trees, the engine sounds did not change.

PERSONNEL INFORMATION

The pilot held an airline transport pilot certificate with ratings for multi-engine land airplanes with commercial privileges for single engine land airplanes. The pilot was type rated in Boeing 757, Boeing 767, McDonnell Douglas DC-9, and Cessna 500 series aircraft. The pilot also held a flight engineer certificate for turbojet-powered airplanes and a flight instructor certificate with a rating for single engine airplanes. The pilot's flight logbook was not recovered. The pilot served as a chief pilot for a major airline. According to airline records, the pilot had accumulated 8,524 hours of flight time in Boeing 767 and McDonnell Douglas MD-80 aircraft. An airline representative estimated that the pilot also had approximately 4,000 hours in Boeing 727 aircraft. The Boeing 727 flight time was estimated since the airline no longer maintains flight records for that airplane.

The pilot's first class medical certificate was issued on February 3, 2003, with the limitation, "Must wear corrective lenses." The pilot reported having 11,850 hours of flight experience as of the date of his medical certificate.

Training records obtained during the investigation show that the pilot received 11.0 hours of ground training and 3.0 hours of flight training in the accident airplane on October 7, 2002. The records indicate that engine-out procedures and engine-out approach and landings were performed. The training records indicate that Vmca demonstration was not performed. Vmca refers to the minimum airspeed in flight at which directional control can be maintained, when one engine is made inoperative.

The right seat passenger was also a pilot. The passenger held an airline transport pilot certificate with ratings for multi-engine land airplanes with commercial privileges for single engine land airplanes. The passenger was type rated in Boeing 727, Boeing 757, Boeing 767, and Lockheed L-382 series aircraft. The passenger also held a flight engineer certificate for turbojet-powered airplanes. The passenger's flight logbook was not recovered. The passenger had previously served as a chief pilot for a major airline prior to his retirement in 1999. According to airline records, the passenger had accumulated 2,473 hours of flight time in Boeing 767 aircraft. An airline representative estimated that the passenger also had approximately 7,000 hours in Boeing 727 aircraft and 3,000 hours in Boeing 707 aircraft. The Boeing 727 and Boeing 707 flight time was estimated since the airline no longer maintains flight records for those airplanes. The airline representative also indicated that the passenger had an additional 500 hours in Boeing 727 airplanes as a result of flight activity for a travel club after his employment with the airline.

The passenger's first class medical certificate was issued on April 25, 2003, with no restrictions. The passenger reported having 15,682 hours of flight experience as of the date of his medical certificate.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATION

The airplane was a 1975 Piper PA-31P, pressurized Navajo, serial number 31P-7530025. The airplane was a twin-engine low-wing monoplane of aluminum construction. Two Lycoming TIGO-541-E1A engines powered the airplane. Each engine was rated for 425 horsepower.

A review of the aircraft maintenance records shows that the airplane received an annual inspection on December 11, 2002, at 5,384.2 total airframe hours. The records show that an overhauled engine, serial number RL-321-62, was installed on the right side of the airframe on August 7, 2002. The right engine had accumulated 15.6 hours since the overhaul as of the date of the annual inspection. The left engine, serial number L-259-62, had accumulated 638.8 hours since overhaul as of the date of the annual inspection.

METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION

The departure airport automated weather observation system recorded the weather at 1753 as: Wind 020 degrees magnetic at 7 knots gusting to 15 knots; Visibility 10 statute miles; Sky condition clear; Temperature 19 degrees Celsius; Dew point -8 degrees Celsius; Altimeter setting 30.09 inches of mercury.

COMMUNICATIONS

No records of communications were found relating to the accident flight.

AIRPORT INFORMATION

ARV is located about 3 miles northwest of the town of Woodruff, Wisconsin. The airport has two intersecting runways. Runway 10/28 is a 3,062 foot by 75 foot asphalt runway. Runway 18/36 is a 5,150 foot by 100 foot asphalt runway. North of the departure end of runway 36 is a clearing that extends about 2,900 feet from the departure end of the runway to a forest with trees standing about 70 feet tall.

WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION

The airplane impacted the trees and terrain about 3,500 feet north and 700 feet west of the departure end of runway 36. A global positioning system receiver was used to determine the coordinates of the accident site as 45-degrees 56.836-minutes north latitude, 89-degrees 44.162-minutes west longitude. Several tree breaks were observed leading to the main wreckage site. The magnetic direction from the first observed tree break to the main wreckage was 295 degrees.

The first airframe component located along the wreckage trail was the left winglet/wingtip. The winglet/wingtip was found about 40 feet from the main wreckage. A post-impact fire consumed most of the airframe. Pieces of each major airframe component were identified in the immediate vicinity of the main wreckage.

The post-impact fire consumed most of the fuselage structure. No instrument readings could be determined due to the extent of the fire damage.

The tail surfaces were fire damaged. The horizontal stabilizer and elevator spars were identified. The outer stabilizer and elevator skins were mostly consumed by fire. The elevator push-pull tube was broken between the elevator attach point and the sector bellcrank. The upper and lower elevator control cables each had one break in the aft fuselage section. Both cable breaks exhibited signatures consistent with overstress. The forward portions of these cables were found attached to the forward elevator control sector.

Pieces of the rudder and vertical stabilizer were identified. Two rudder control cable breaks were identified. One break was located in the aft fuselage section and the other was located in the cockpit area. Both breaks exhibited signatures consistent with overstress.

The left wing was damaged by impact and fire. The majority of the wing structure was consumed by fire. The aileron and flap were identified. The aileron control sector was found with both cables attached. Both cables were continuous to the center fuselage area where both cables were broken. Both of the cable breaks exhibited signatures consistent with overstress. The flap actuator was found in the fully retracted position. The left fuel selector valve was found positioned to the inboard main fuel tank. The crossfeed selector valve was found in the off position. The remainder of the left wing fuel system had extensive fire damage.

The right wing was damaged by impact and fire. The majority of the wing structure was consumed by fire. The aileron and flap were identified. The aileron control sector was found and the control cables identified. Both cables were continuous to the center fuselage area where the balance cable was broken. The cable break exhibited signatures consistent with overstress. The control cable was continuous from the aileron sector to the control wheel chain. The right fuel selector valve was found positioned to the outboard auxiliary fuel tank. The remainder of the right wing fuel system had extensive fire damage.

The right engine received impact and fire damage. The right propeller remained attached to the drive gear from the engine. The propeller blades exhibited leading edge damage...