N549AM

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On December 19, 2010, about 1000 central standard time, a Eurocopter AS350-B2 helicopter, N549AM, sustained substantial damage when it landed hard after a loss of power during takeoff from a helipad at La Monte, Missouri. The pilot, flight nurse, and flight paramedic received serious injuries. The helicopter was operated by Air Methods Corporation under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91 as a medical flight and was departing for an on-scene patient transfer at Fristo, Missouri. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The flight was on a company visual flight rules flight plan.

The pilot reported that he arrived about 0645 for his shift, which started at 0700. He performed the required preflight planning activities, which included obtaining a flight release, checking the aircraft maintenance report, reviewing the logbook, checking weather, conducting a crew brief, and performing a preflight inspection of the helicopter. The pilot reported that he conducted a thorough preflight of the helicopter, which included checking the air filter for ice and snow. He reported that there was no visible moisture on the helicopter during the preflight.

Air Methods trip sheet documents indicated that the pilot was notified of an emergency medical flight (EMS) flight about 0711, and the helicopter departed about 0724. The helicopter arrived at the patient location in Lincoln, Missouri, at 0737, and departed with the patient on board about 0800. The helicopter arrived in Columbia, Missouri, about 0827. While in Columbia, the pilot fueled the helicopter with 60 gallons of Jet A fuel before the return flight to La Monte. The helicopter departed Columbia about 0906 and arrived at La Monte about 0934. After landing at La Monte, the flight crew went into the office to complete the required paperwork and flight debrief. The pilot reported that they did not encounter any rain or snow showers during the three flight legs, and it was not raining or snowing at La Monte when they landed.

The Air Methods trip sheet documents indicated that the pilot was notified of a second EMS mission, the accident flight, about 0948. The pilot reported that he did a weather check and accepted the flight. The flight crew boarded the helicopter and the pilot completed the start and takeoff procedures without incident. The helicopter was pointed directly west as the pilot began to lift straight up in a slow climb to about 100 to 125 feet. He applied left pedal to point the aircraft to the southeast. As he completed the pedal turn, he confirmed that he was clear vertically of a tree that was directly east of the helipad. As he began a slow transition to forward flight he heard a loud "bang." The pilot immediately reacted to the sound by slightly lowering the collective and turning to the right to get back to the helipad. He lowered the nose briefly and then began to flare the helicopter as he pulled up on the collective. The helicopter hit hard on the helipad, which spread the helicopter's landing skids so that the helicopter was lying on its belly. The fuel tank ruptured during the impact. The pilot noticed a flame about 2 inches in height about 3 feet from the helicopter, but the flame went out quickly and there was no postimpact fire. The pilot turned off the main electrical push button and began to yell "get out" to the flight crew. He crawled about 15 to 20 feet away from the helicopter. One of the first responders told the pilot that there was still electrical power to the helicopter. The pilot explained to a fireman how to turn off the "DC Bat" button that was located next to the main electrical button, which the fireman then turned off.

In her account of the accident, the flight nurse, who was sitting in the right rear seat, reported that the helicopter lifted off the pad normally to about 100 feet, then the engine went quiet. She did not hear any loud noise or bang. She heard the pilot yell, "Brace yourself" and she got into the crash position. She recalled that she was in extreme pain after the helicopter impacted the ground. She refused assistance in getting out of the helicopter until trained medical personnel arrived and placed her on a long board before exiting the helicopter. She reported that she immediately notified her husband of the accident on her cell phone then notified the EMS communication specialist that the accident had occurred. The time of the call to the communication specialist was about 1000.

The flight paramedic, who was sitting in the left rear seat, reported that everything seemed normal until the engine stopped making noise. The helicopter was above tree top level when the engine stopped. She braced for impact. The impact caused all the doors to open, and fuel was on the ground. She had seen sparks from the skids hitting the concrete, but she did not see any flames. Although she was able to get her feet on the ground, she could not walk and needed assistance from a first responder to get out of the helicopter.

PERSONNEL INFORMATION

The pilot was a 53-year-old airline transport pilot with a helicopter rating and a helicopter instrument rating. He held a second-class medical certificate issued on March 3, 2010. He had about 7,928 total helicopter flight hours, which included about 296 hours in the AS350-B2 helicopters. In the 90 days preceding the accident, he had flown 34 hours, 9 hours of which were within the last 30 days. His most recent 14 CFR Part 135 airman competency/proficiency check was successfully accomplished on August 5, 2010.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATION

Manufactured in 2007, the helicopter was a Eurocopter AS350-B2, serial number 4339, with a three-blade main rotor, a conventional tail rotor, and skid type landing gear, and was powered by a single 625 maximum continuous shaft horsepower Turbomeca Arriel 1D1 free turbine engine. The helicopter was equipped with an Air Methods EMS Interior and configured for medical transport of a single patient on a litter and two medical flight crewmembers. The litter was located on the left side of the helicopter and extended from the left side of the cockpit into the left side of the cabin.

The helicopter's flight manual listed the maximum gross weight as 4,960 pounds. At the time of the accident, the helicopter was fueled to a 60 percent fuel load and was operating within the weight and balance limitations.

A review of the helicopter's maintenance records revealed that it had 1,288 total hours at the time of the accident. The most recent maintenance inspection, performed on December 17, 2010, was part of the Air Methods Approved Aircraft Inspection Program (AAIP), which included 50-hour, 100-hour, and 600-hour airframe and engine inspections. The inspection tasks cards did not contain any actions that required inspecting the main airframe fuel filter or the Le Bozec fuel filter assembly. The Air Methods task cards referred directly to Eurocopter's task cards with no additional information. The mechanics who performed the inspections reported that they did not depress the plunger on the filter bowl of the fuel filter assembly during the inspections. Maintenance records indicated that the fuel filter cartridge was replaced during the 1,000-hour airframe inspection at a total airframe time of 1,008 hours, about 280 hours before the accident flight.

The Air Methods mechanic who was assigned to the La Monte base reported that he started his employment with Air Methods on December 1, 2010. He received on-the-job training from December 1 to December 8. He performed the aircraft daily maintenance checks on the accident helicopter on December 9, 10, 13, and 14 by himself. On December 15, he performed the daily maintenance checks on the accident helicopter but with assistance from another mechanic. He reported that he had never been instructed to depress the plunger of the fuel filter assembly nor had he been instructed not to depress the plunger, since there was no guidance at the time that it was not to be depressed. He could not specifically recall if he depressed the plunger on the accident helicopter, but, if he had, it would have been on December 15 during the aircraft daily maintenance check. He stated that he would have turned on the fuel pumps while depressing the plunger.

Vehicle Engine Multifunction Display (VEMD)

The accident helicopter was equipped with a vehicle engine multifunction display (VEMD), which is a dual screen display that provides vehicle and engine information to the pilot during flight (known as flight mode). The VEMD also has a maintenance mode, which stores nonvolatile data for specified vehicle and engine exceedances and/or overlimits and VEMD-system-related hardware or communication failures. The VEMD also records and stores flight reports, which can be found in the maintenance pages. A flight report begins when aircraft electrical power is applied and engine generator speed (NG) reaches 60 percent. The flight report ends when the NG decreases below 50 percent with aircraft electrical power still applied. During a normal landing and shutdown, the VEMD will display the flight report for the most recent flight when NG drops below 10 percent and main rotor rpm (NR) decreases below 70 percent.

Fuel Filter Bypass Operation

The AS350-B2 is equipped with a Le Bozec fuel filter which contains a stainless steel filter element. The fuel filter is located forward of the firewall in the main gearbox compartment. The filter unit includes a bypass valve, a visual indicator of bypass, and a drain. An annunciator light labeled F. FILT illuminates on the Warning – Caution – Advisory Panel to indicate a clogged filter and an impending bypass. Contaminated fuel causes impurities to build on the filter cartridge. This gradually reduces the flow through the filter. Pressure then increases at the filter inlet and decreases at the filter outlet. When the pressure differential ...