N402RL

History of the Flight

On December 5, 1995, about 0632 eastern standard time, a Cessna 402A, N402RL, collided with an electrical transmission line, during the initial climb after take off at Avon Park, Florida. The airplane was operated by Missionary Aviation Ministries under the provisions of Title 14 CFR Part 91, and visual flight rules. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed. An instrument flight plan was filed the previous evening, but was not activated after take off. The airline transport pilot, and the pilot rated passenger, were fatally injured. The airplane was destroyed by impact forces, and a post impact fire. The flight was originating from runway 22 at the Avon Park Municipal Airport, at the time of the accident.

At 2118, December 4, 1995, a person who identified himself as N402RL, contacted the Miami Automated International Flight Service Station via telephone and requested a flight briefing from Avon Park, Florida to Port-au-Prince, Haiti, proposing to depart Avon Park at 0630 on December 5, 1995. Following the weather briefing, the person filed an instrument flight rules flight plan to Moss Town, Exuma Island, Bahamas. [Transcript attached].

According to the operator, the flight was destined for Haiti to deliver food, clothing, and medicine, with a planned intervening stop in the Bahamas for fuel. Witnesses that were located about 1/2 mile from the end of runway 22, reported hearing an explosion. The forward, upper portion of a wing tip tank, later identified as the left tip tank, an antenna, a rudder cap, and the vertical stabilizer cap were found beneath separated power lines. According to the local electrical power company, electrical power was interrupted at the site of the separated power lines at 0632, December 5, 1995.

Citizens reported seeing a low flying airplane about 0645 on December 5, to the Highlands County Sheriff's Office, who was responsible for the local search of the airplane. The reports were of a twin engine airplane flying at low altitude, with one engine operating at a very high speed. One of the citizen reports came from an emergency medical technician (EMT) who was also a pilot, familiar with twin engine Cessna airplanes. The reported sightings were in the Lake Placid, Florida area, with the last sighting made by the EMT, who indicated that the airplane was headed north. Lake Placid is located about 20 nautical miles south of Avon Park. The wreckage was discovered about six miles north of the last reported sighting.

The wreckage of the airplane was found the next day about 4.5 miles southwest of Sebring Air Terminal, which is about 14 miles southeast of Avon Park Municipal Airport. The burned wreckage was scattered about 60 feet, through dense woods.

Personnel Information

A logbook for the pilot was not located. According to Federal Aviation Administration Airman Certification Records, the pilot held an airline transport pilot (ATP) certificate with an airplane multiengine rating. He held commercial pilot privileges for airplane single engine land, and private privileges for glider. His initial ATP certificate was issued July 12, 1977. The initial multiengine land rating was issued following a flight check in a Piper PA-30 on November 21, 1974.

On April 23, 1993, the pilot added a multiengine rating to his previously issued flight instructor's certificate. On April 19, 1993, he received a notice of disapproval of application for the flight instructor airplane multiengine rating. The notice of disapproval indicated that upon reapplication he would be reexamined on multiengine operations, takeoffs & climbs, stalls, performance maneuvers, emergencies, and approach and landings.

The pilot was issued a second class medical certificate on September 28, 1995, with the limitation that the holder shall possess correcting glasses for near vision while exercising the privileges of his airman certificate. The application listed his occupation as retired.

According to an affidavit obtained from the insurance adjuster, the pilot received a Biennial Flight Review on November 7, 1994, in a Piper PA-28-161 Warrior. A signed statement provided by the operator of 402RL indicated that the pilot successfully completed an instrument competency check on October 18, 1995, in a single engine Cessna airplane. Another statement indicated that the pilot received night currency flight with a flight instructor, in a Cessna 172, also on October 18, 1995.

During the review of the FAA's airman certification file regarding the pilot, it was noted that on his application for the airplane multiengine additional instructor rating on April 23, 1993, he had listed 2,439 pilot in command flight hours. On his additional aircraft rating application for a multiengine rating dated November 21, 1974, the pilot listed 1,762 pilot in command flight hours. The pilot's application for his medical certificate dated September 28, 1995, indicated that his total flight hours were 2,700, with zero hours within the previous six months.

The operator, who is a certificated flight instructor, stated that he provided the pilot with a two hour familiarization flight in N402RL on December 12, 1994. Between December 12, 1994, and January 13, 1995, the operator stated that he provided 52 hours of additional instruction in the airplane, during flights to and from Haiti. No information regarding the pilot's flight hours between January 13, 1995, and October 31, 1995, was available. On October 31, 1995, according to the operator, he provided a route check and airplane systems check to the pilot, during a ten hour flight to Haiti and the return to Avon Park. The operator stated that in November, 1995, the pilot flew N402RL between Avon Park and Haiti on the 7th, 16th, 21st, and the 30th. Each trip involved about ten flight hours.

According to the operator, the pilot rated passenger was allowed to accompany the flight to obtain experience with multiengine airplanes. According to FAA records he possessed a private pilot certificate with airplane single engine land and instrument ratings. He received a third class medical certificate on February 17, 1994, with no limitations.

Additional personnel information is contained in this report on page 3 under the heading First Pilot Information, and Supplement E.

Aircraft Information

According to the operator, the aircraft logs and records were on the airplane at the time of the accident. He reported that the last annual inspection of the airplane was accomplished by Engles Air Service, Inc. in Lake Wales, Florida.

During a telephone interview, the owner of Engles Air Services, Inc. stated that N402RL had an annual inspection on June 30, 1995. At that time, the airplane's total hours were approximately 11,500. He did not recall the engine hours, and did not have any work orders, because the inspection had been completed at no cost to Missionary Aviation Ministries. His check of the airworthiness directives applicable to the airplane indicated that the wing spar required an inspection, which was conducted by QC Laboratories, Inc. The work order for the inspection indicated that an eddy current inspection of the lower spar cap fittings was performed with no discrepancies noted.

The operator reported that, at takeoff, the airplane had 140 gallons (about 840 pounds) of 100/130 octane aviation gasoline and had been loaded with approximately 1200 pounds of cargo in boxes. According to the operator, the boxes were filled, then weighed. No record of the weight manifest was retained. He also reported that the occupants weighed about 200 pounds, each. FAA records recorded the occupants weights as 243 pounds for the pilot and 175 pounds for the pilot rated passenger. The airplane's weight and balance form was not located. The cargo was destroyed by fire, and could not be weighed. The gross weight and empty weight of the airplane was listed in a like make and model Owner's Manual as 6,300 pounds and 3,719 pounds, respectively. After allowing for engine oil of 49 pounds, the airplane useful load was approximately 2,532 pounds. Additional information is located in this report on page 2 under the heading Aircraft Information.

Meteorological Information

The weather observation at Vero Beach, Florida , located abut 65 Nmi east of Avon Park, at 0555 on December 5, 1995, was as follows: sky partial obscuration; visibility 1/2 mile in fog; temperature/dew point 56/56 degrees F.; wind 300 degrees at four knots; and altimeter setting 30.05" Hg.

At 0635, December 5, 1995, a surface special observation at Vero Beach, Florida, was as follows: sky 8,000 feet scattered; visibility one mile in fog; wind 310 degrees at five knots; and altimeter setting 30.07" Hg.

A special surface observation was made at 0620 at Lakeland, Florida, about 35 Nmi northwest of Avon Park which was as follows: sky 400 feet scattered; visibility three miles in fog; temperature/ dew point 53 degrees F.: wind calm; and altimeter setting 30.01" Hg.

The weather observation at Bartow, Florida, about 25 Nmi north of Avon Park at 0748 was as follows: sky obscured; visibility one mile in fog; temperature/dew point 59/58 degrees F.; wind calm; and altimeter setting 30.12" Hg.

Additional weather information is contained on page 4 of this report under the heading Weather Information.

Wreckage and Impact Information

The terrain beyond the departure threshold of runway 22, which was used for the takeoff, consisted of flat marshland and sectioned off mobile home lots. Most of the lots were vacant. About one mile from the departure end of the runway, a power line crossed the runway's extended centerline. The lower two wires of a set of three were separated. Debris that was later identified as having come from N402RL, was found on the ground about 200 yards south of the power lines. The debris consisted of sections of wound cable consistent with the separated power lines, the left wing tip ...