N8145M

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On July 4, 2002, at 1230 Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 310I twin-engine airplane, N8145M, was destroyed when it impacted terrain shortly after takeoff from the Brackett Field Airport, La Verne, California. The airplane was registered to, and operated by, the pilot. The commercial pilot and his pilot-rated passenger sustained fatal injuries. Two individuals on the ground received fatal injuries and nine individuals on the ground sustained serious injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and a flight plan was not filed for the 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The local flight was originating at the time of the accident.

The Brackett Field air traffic controllers reported that the pilot made three consecutive mayday calls during the initial climb out from runway 26L; however, the pilot did not indicate the nature of the emergency. The controllers observed the airplane "not climbing" before the airplane descended behind trees.

A witness, located on a boat in the Puddingstone Reservoir, observed the airplane flying toward the west after departing Brackett Field. The witness was facing north. The airplane was approximately 100 feet above the ground. As the airplane approached the reservoir, the witness heard the engines "backfiring" and noted the right propeller was not turning as fast as the left propeller (as viewed facing the nose of the airplane). The witness also noted the landing gear were extended. The airplane turned toward the south and continued to lose altitude. The witness observed the airplane strike a tree with the right propeller (when viewed from the front of the airplane looking aft), "causing the plane to spin around." The airplane then struck a second tree, bounced back up into the air, and over the second tree. The witness then lost sight of the airplane.

Another witness located on the reservoir said that the propellers were turning. He said one could normally hear the engine power when taking off, but he could not hear engine power for the accident airplane. He observed the airplane turn left toward the shore and lose altitude. The airplane clipped a tree with the port side wing about halfway up the wing, "pulling the plane into a cartwheel." The main body of the airplane hit the second tree with the starboard side and spun around until impacting a picnic area.

The airplane came to rest along the shoreline of Lake Puddingstone in the Frank G. Bonelli Park, San Dimas, California. Park officials estimate that 200-400 people were at the lake near the time of the accident.

PERSONNEL INFORMATION

The pilot held a commercial pilot certificate with single engine land airplane, rotorcraft helicopter, and instrument airplane and helicopter ratings. He also held a private pilot certificate with multiengine land airplane privileges, which was limited to visual flight rules (VFR) operations only. In addition, the pilot held a flight instructor certificate for single engine land airplanes, rotorcraft helicopters, and instrument helicopters. The pilot held a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) second-class medical certificate that was issued on October 12, 2001. The medical certificate did not contain any limitations or waivers.

According to the pilot's last pilot certificate application (airplane multiengine add-on rating), which was dated January 29, 2001, he had accumulated a total of 468 hours of airplane flight time and 4,396 hours of helicopter flight time. According to the application, he had accumulated a total of 13.3 hours in the Cessna 310, which is what the pilot used for the practical flight test. According to the FAA's certificate records for the pilot, he failed his multiengine add-on rating practical flight test on January 29, 2001, due to "Emergency Procedures: Engine Failure After Lift Off" and "Emergency Descent." Following the failed practical flight test, the pilot received additional flight instruction, which equated to 0.5 hours of flight time. On the 29th, the pilot was given another endorsement indicating he was "given additional instruction required for a retest after failure of the airplane multiengine land" flight test, and passed the practical flight test on the 29th.

Following the January 2001 practical test, the pilot logged 1.1 hours of multi-engine flight time; however, the last logbook entry was dated September 1, 2001. The pilot completed an application for the use of another Cessna 310 aircraft; adjacent to the pilot's name, was an entry for total time in the same make and model. Penned into that entry block was "92". A date was not affiliated with this pilot experience application.

The pilot-rated passenger held a private pilot certificate with single engine land airplane privileges. He also held a third-class medical certificate that was issued on November 29, 2001. The medical certificate stipulated that the airman must wear lenses for distant vision and possess glasses for near vision while exercising the privileges of his airman certificate. The passenger reported on the medical certificate application that he had accumulated a total of 180 flight hours. A review of his logbook revealed he logged a total of 153.8 hours of flight time, none of which was obtained in multiengine airplanes.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATION

The 1964 model airplane was issued an airworthiness certificate on July 13, 1964. The airplane was equipped with two Teledyne Continental Motors (TCM) IO-470 engines, each rated at 260 horsepower (left engine serial number 115276-4-U, right engine serial number 118267-70-U-R), and two McCauley constant speed, manually feathering, 2-bladed propellers.

A bill of sale closing statement indicated the pilot and his partner purchased the airplane on February 13, 2002. An aircraft registration application for N8145M was filled out by the pilot and his partner on February 8, 2002. On February 15, 2002, a Special Flight Permit was issued for the airplane in order to transport the airplane to a maintenance facility. The airplane was officially registered to the pilot and his partner on March 15, 2002.

The airframe logbooks revealed a period between February 16, 1993, and April 26, 2002, when no maintenance entries were made. According to those familiar with the airplane, it was awaiting sale during this time period. The February 1993 logbook entry was a determination of airworthiness for a ferry flight. The last entry prior to that was a July 1992 entry, which also determined airworthiness for a ferry flight. The last annual inspection prior to the ferry flights was completed on July 3, 1989, but an aircraft total time was not entered.

A logbook entry dated February 11, 1976, revealed the Hobbs meter was replaced at an aircraft total time of 3,108.5 hours. A logbook entry dated July 15, 1981, stated, "For TT [total time] add 4109 to Hobbs time."

A review of the aircraft maintenance records revealed complete engine histories were not available and their total times were unknown. According to separate engine entries, both dated May 7, 2002, the left engine's total time since its last major overhaul was 1,050 hours, and the right engine's total time since its last major overhaul was 850 hours. The Hobbs meter at the time of these entries was 2,052 hours.

The aircraft's last static system check was completed on April 26, 2002. The last annual inspection conducted on the airplane was completed on May 7, 2002. This annual inspection entry listed both the aircraft total time and the Hobbs meter reading as 2,052.0 hours. Adding the aircraft's hour meter reading at the accident site to 4,109, as instructed to in the logbook entry dated July 15, 1981, provides an aircraft total time of 6,166.1 hours.

According to those familiar with the airplane, the airplane's landing gear collapsed in June 2002. No mention of the repair work was found in the maintenance logbooks.

The airplane was refueled at the departure airport on June 28, 2002, with 28.8 gallons of 100LL aviation gasoline; however, it is unknown how much fuel was onboard the airplane during the accident flight.

METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION

At 1237, the weather observation facility at the Brackett Field Airport reported the wind from 250 degrees at 7 knots; visibility 5 miles in haze; sky partially obscured; and an altimeter setting of 29.96 inches of mercury. The temperature and dew point were not recorded.

WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION

According to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, the accident site was located at 034 degrees 05.078 minutes north latitude and 117 degrees 48.097 minutes west longitude, and at an elevation of 1,444 feet. The linear energy path from the initial tree impact to the final airplane component, which was the right engine, measured 230 feet in length. The airplane initially contacted a tree that was 30 feet tall. The airplane then contacted a second tree that was 100 feet past the first tree. The main wreckage was located 184 feet past of the initial tree impact, and adjacent to a park cooking grill (steel grill cemented in place) and picnic table.

The airplane separated into four major structural sections; the left wing, right wing, the fuselage from the instrument panel forward, and the fuselage from the instrument panel aft. The second tree entered the cabin just forward of where the leading edge of the right wing meets the fuselage. The cabin floor was separated on a diagonal line starting at the point the tree entered the cabin and ending where the trailing edge of the left wing meets the fuselage. The park grill indented and ruptured the right side fuselage skin at fuselage station 132.00.

The energy path was oriented on a magnetic heading of 160 degrees until the point of the second tree impact. The energy path then switched to a 130-degree heading to where the final piece of wreckage came to rest. The airplane's final resting heading was 1...