N104XX

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On January 25, 2006, about 1250 Alaska Standard time, an Aero Vodochody L-39MS airplane, N104XX, a surplus military warbird built in the Czech Republic, was destroyed by impact and postimpact fire when it collided with the ground and an occupied trailer home during an instrument approach/circle to land at the Ketchikan International Airport, Ketchikan, Alaska. The experimental airplane was being operated as an instrument flight rules (IFR) cross-country ferry flight under Title 14, CFR Part 91, when the accident occurred. The airplane was operated by Air USA Inc., Quincy, Illinois. The airline transport certificated pilot, the sole occupant, received fatal injuries, and five persons on the ground received minor injuries. The flight departed in VFR conditions about 1141 from the Sitka Rocky Gutierrez Airport, Sitka, Alaska. While en route, the pilot obtained an IFR flight plan to Ketchikan. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed in the area of the accident.

According to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) personnel, the airplane was issued a special ferry permit by an inspector with the Van Nuys Flight Standards District Office (FSDO), Van Nuys, California, on January 23, 2006, with options to fly under visual flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules (IFR), day or night, from Anchorage, Alaska, to Seattle, Washington. A ferry permit was required because the accident airplane's most recent experimental airworthiness certificate had expired. The ferry permit application was signed by an FAA certificated mechanic who was hired by the operator, certifying that the airplane was safe for ferry flight. According to the operator, the accident airplane departed Palmer, Alaska, on January 23, about 1500, with another L-39MS airplane (N106XX), with an intended destination of Ketchikan. Due to adverse weather conditions in Ketchikan, the two airplanes diverted to Sitka, and remained there throughout the day of January 24. Because of a personal time commitment, the pilot of N106XX departed for his residence, leaving the airplane parked at Sitka.

On January 25, at 0710, the accident airplane pilot contacted the Sitka Flight Service Station (FSS) via telephone, stating he had tried to leave Sitka the previous day, and indicated he was trying to get to Bellingham, Washington. The FSS specialist provided weather conditions at Sitka and Bellingham, which were VFR at both locations. The pilot requested the winds aloft forecast for 24,000 and 27,000 feet, and after a discussion about where he would encounter the most adverse headwinds, the FSS specialist examined U.S. and Canadian weather charts and reported winds from 190 degrees at 84 knots at 24,000 feet, and from 190 degrees at 90 knots at 30,000 feet. The specialist also noted that there were AIRMETS for occasional moderate rime icing for the coastal waters of Alaska.

The FSS specialist stated that the current weather for Ketchikan was: "...wind, 140 [degrees] at 13 [knots], gusts 23 [knots]; visibility, 4 [statute miles] light rain and mist; ceiling, 1,200 [feet] broken, 1,700 [feet] overcast; temperature, 7 [degrees C], dew point 6 [degrees C]; altimeter, 29.23 [inHg]. What they've got there is basically the south end of a cold front from a low that's off to the east of us towards British Columbia and the Yukon, then, and so they're forecast to get a little bit of wind and snow today, diminishing basically towards the afternoon." The pilot commented: "O.K. so there, they'll be right above ah my mins to go in there..."

The pilot commented again about the forecast weather conditions at Ketchikan, stating: "...so just, man, I wish Ketchikan's weather was gonna be better, it's not any, not any better a thousand and three...just right at mins, hum." The FSS specialist stated: "and again, that wind that's outa the southeast at 13, gust up ta 23, that's a fair amount of wind for Ketchikan." The pilot replied: "yeah, that's a s### load of wind." The specialist jokingly inquired how the pilot liked Sitka, to which the pilot replied: "yeah, no kiddin, I just can't make Bellingham with those winds, I mean it's, I just can't do it." The briefing was concluded at 0721.

At 0855, the pilot again telephoned the Sitka FSS and inquired about the weather conditions in Ketchikan. The FSS specialist reported: "...wind, 340 [degrees] at 8 [knots]; visibility, 10 [statute miles] light rain and mist; ceiling 2,300 [feet] overcast; temperature 3 [degrees C], dew point temperature 1 [degree C]; altimeter, 29.29 [inHg]. ...I just got a pilot report from Ketchikan as well...from the top of the hour, a deHavilland Beaver, 6 miles west of Ketchikan reported 700 [feet] scattered; flight visibility 10 [miles], wind outa the west at 20 [knots], with higher cloud layers which were probably above 12,000 feet."

The distance from Sitka to Ketchikan is about 160 nautical miles. The operator reported that the normal range for planning purposes in the L-39 was about 750 nautical miles.

The pilot confirmed that the Ketchikan airport was utilizing runway 29 because of the wind direction and then stated: "and again, you said that METAR, that was 3,500 [feet] over [cast], that's what they were callin it." The FSS specialist initially agreed, stating: "3,200 overcast, yeah," but corrected himself, stating: "and that ceiling at 2,400 [feet] broken, this was, actually this is a new observation from 2 minutes ago, they just put another observation, ah, visibility, 10 [miles] light rain; 900 [feet] scattered, ceiling 2,400 [feet] broken, 3,200 [feet] overcast. ...ah I am showing AIRMETS for mountain obscuration and IFR conditions for southern, southeast Alaska, and I have an AIRMET for occasional moderate rime icing from 1,500 [feet] up ta 12,000 [feet]." The pilot thanked the specialist and concluded the call at 0859.

At 1140, the pilot contacted the Sitka FSS via radio and reported he was beginning to taxi, and at 1148, the pilot stated: "Sitka traffic, N104XX is departing VFR to the southeast, left turn out Sitka."

While en route to Ketchikan, the pilot contacted the Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) at 1210. He reported that he was 90 miles northwest of Ketchikan at 17,500 feet, and requested the ILS approach to runway 11 at Ketchikan with a circle to land on runway 29. The controller verified the airplane was equipped with a GPS receiver (global positioning system), and cleared the airplane to the Ketchikan Airport, via DOOZI intersection, at 17,000 feet.

DOOZI intersection is 40 nautical miles from the Annette Island VOR, on the 303 degree radial.

At 1217, the ARTCC controller verified that the pilot had the current weather information from Ketchikan, and cleared the airplane at the pilot's discretion to descend and maintain 7,000 feet. At 1223, the ARTCC controller contacted the pilot and requested he slow down if he could, and told the pilot that he may have to hold at the DOOZI intersection for arrival aircraft ahead of him into Ketchikan. One minute later, the ARTCC controller amended the previous clearance, advising the pilot to maintain 8,000 feet and cleared him to hold at the 17 mile fix on the Ketchikan localizer, and to expect further clearance at 1240. The pilot responded by stating: "Roger that sir, is there any way you could hold us at DOOZI, my DME (distance measuring equipment) is intermittent for the leg." The controller then cleared the airplane to hold at DOOZI, and to maintain 8,000 feet.

At 1228, the pilot inquired whether the controller would prefer a left or right turn in holding, and the controller approved either direction. One minute later, the pilot contacted ARTCC and stated: "And ah center from 104XX, just be advised we are picking up some ah ice out here, and if you can give us a descent that would be great." The controller responded by stating: "N104XX ah roger, after you get back established in hold, make right hand turns and descend and maintain 7,000 [feet], that is as low as I can go for you there." The controller inquired if the pilot had the outside air temperature, to which the answer from the pilot was negative. At 1233:15, the ARTCC controller advised the pilot: "N104XX, the ah jet landed at Ketchikan, I've got one departing that's ah depart just as soon as the other aircraft leaves the runway, and he should be clear in just about three or four minutes, and then you can expect an approach clearance after that." The controller asked if the pilot was still in the icing conditions, to which the pilot replied affirmative. At 1233:38, the controller told the pilot: "I show you back over DOOZI now, descend and maintain 7,000 [feet]." The pilot acknowledged the clearance.

At 1236:59, at 1237:21, and again at 1238:09, the ARTCC controller stated: "N104XX radar contact lost, say altitude." At 1238:14, the pilot responded, "7,000 [feet]." The controller then stated: "104XX maintain 7,000 [feet] until established on a published segment of the approach, cleared ILS DME-1, runway 11 approach to the Ketchikan Airport." The pilot acknowledged the clearance, and at 1239:22, the ARTCC control advised the pilot to contact Ketchikan Radio.

A review of radio traffic at Ketchikan revealed that at 1238, a de Havilland Beaver (DHC-2), N60G, provided a pilot report of the weather conditions in the Ketchikan area to the Ketchikan Flight Service Station, stating: "yeah, it's not very nice out here, um (unintelligible) scud, your probably 500 feet, maybe 2 miles at best, mixed rain and snow, ah, what's wind about ah oh 20, 25 [knots], I guess."

At 1239:42, the accident pilot contacted the Ketchikan FSS via radio and stated: "Ketchikan radio, 104XX is with you, ah we're at 7,000 [feet] for ah the intercept, ILS [instrument landing system], circle to land [runway] 29." The Ketchikan FSS specialist replied, "roger, report 10 [miles] out for, ah or the final approach fix 11 [mile...