N28MG

HISTORY OF FLIGHT

On December 5, 2007, at 0651 eastern standard time, a Cessna 208B, N28MG, collided with terrain about one mile east southeast of the Rickenbacker International Airport (LCK), Columbus, Ohio, during takeoff climb from Runway 23R (11,937 feet by 150 feet, asphalt). Ground impact forces destroyed the airplane, which was registered to Avion Capital Corporation and operated by Castle Aviation, Inc. The commercial pilot and a pilot-rated passenger received fatal injuries. The Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 135 cargo flight departed LCK at 0649 en route to the Buffalo Niagara International Airport (BUF), Buffalo, New York. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed and an instrument flight rules flight (IFR) plan was filed.

The night cargo flight was scheduled for a five-leg trip. The airplane departed on its first flight leg from the Akron-Canton Regional Airport for Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, at 2223 on December 4, 2007, and arrived at 2323. The airplane then departed Hamilton at 0054 on December 5, 2007, for BUF and arrived at 0115. The aircraft departed BUF at 0304 and arrived at LCK at 0453.

The airplane was topped off with 155 gallons of Jet A fuel and loaded with 714 pounds of cargo. The pilot started the airplane's engine about 0640. The pilot taxied to the de-icing ramp, and the wings and tail were de-iced with about 160 gallons of Type I de-icing fluid at 0644. A witness reported that the propeller did not require de-icing. At 0646, the pilot received the taxi clearance to taxi to runway 23R at Delta taxiway.

At 0649, the pilot was cleared for takeoff from runway 23R at Delta taxiway, and then to turn left to a heading of 090 degrees. The pilot acknowledged the takeoff clearance and departed. There were no further radio transmissions from N28MG.

Radar track data indicated that 10 radar returns were recorded of the accident flight, which was about 45 seconds in duration. The radar track data indicated that the airplane climbed to about 1,100 feet mean sea level (msl) in a left turn with a ground speed of about 109 knots, prior to descending and impacting the terrain about one mile east southeast of the airport.

PESONNEL INFORMATION

The 58-year-old pilot held a commercial pilot certificate with single-engine land, multi-engine land, and airplane instrument ratings. He held a second-class medical certificate that was issued in September 2007. The pilot's logbook and duty logs indicated that the pilot's total flight time was about 1,310 hours with about 200 hours flown in the 208B. The pilot's logbook indicated that he had flown about 778 hours in actual instrument conditions.

The pilot's logbooks indicated that he started flight training in October 1997. Castle Aviation hired the pilot in August 2007. His resume and flight time breakdown that he provided to Castle Aviation prior to being hired indicated the following flight experience:

Total Flight Time in Cessna 172 and Piper Turbo Arrow: 1,050 hours.

Instrument Hours: 650 hours.

Cross Country Hours: 700 hours.

Night Flying Hours: 62 hours.

Multi-Engine Hours (Piper Seneca, Cessna 421 and Cessna 425): 60 hours.

A review of the pilot's Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airman file indicated the dates when the pilot had obtained his pilot's ratings. It also indicated that the pilot had initially been disapproved for three ratings. The airman file indicated the following:

1. On June 25, 1998, the pilot was disapproved for the private pilot single-engine land rating.

2. On July 9, 1998, the pilot received the private pilot single-engine land rating.

3. On March 23, 1999, the pilot was disapproved for the instrument airplane rating.

4. On March 27, 1999, the pilot received the instrument airplane rating.

5. On May 21, 2000, the pilot received his commercial pilot certificate with airplane single engine land and airplane instrument ratings.

6. On June 25, 2006, the pilot received his commercial certificate with the multi-engine land rating.

7. On August 10, 2007, the pilot was disapproved for the certified flight instructor (CFI) - airplane single engine land rating.

The president of Castle Aviation reported that he was not aware that the accident pilot had not passed the FAA CFI flight test prior to hiring the pilot. Castle Aviation company records indicated that the pilot started his ground school and flight training in August 2007. The pilot completed 34 hours of ground school training on October 1, 2007. The pilot completed the Cessna Aircraft Company's "Caravan Cold Weather Ops On-Site Program" on October 22, 2007. The pilot passed the Pilot-in-Command (PIC) check ride for "VFR Duties Only" on October 22, 2007, and had logged about 63.8 hours of flight time in the 208B. The pilot passed the Part 135 Instrument Proficiency check ride on November 20, 2007, and had logged about 151 hours of flight time in the 208B. As a result of passing the instrument proficiency check ride, the pilot was authorized to perform the duties of PIC in instrument meteorological conditions. He logged about 33.9 additional hours of flight time as PIC prior to the accident, of which 12.5 hours were logged as actual instrument conditions and 32.5 hours were logged as night conditions.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATION

The single-engine Cessna 208B, serial number 208B0732, was manufactured in 1999. It had seating for two and was configured for cargo operations. The maximum gross takeoff weight of the airplane was 8,750 pounds. The engine was a flat rated 675 shaft horsepower Pratt & Whitney PT6-114A engine. The aircraft was maintained on the factory Cessna Phase Card Inspection Program. The last inspection was performed on November 16, 2007, at 9,896.6 hours and 8,889 airframe cycles and consisted of a Mini Check. The engine had 3,897 hours and 3,412 cycles since overhaul as of November 16, 2007. The aircraft total time at the time of the accident was estimated to be 9,936 hours and 9,033 cycles.

A review of the Airworthiness Directives (AD's) was performed. No discrepancies were noted. Particular attention was given to AD's related to operation in icing conditions and all AD's had been complied with.

The airplane was fueled with 155 gallons of Jet-A fuel from Truck 7. A fuel sample was taken from Truck 7 and it was clean and clear with no indication of water.

The airplane was deiced from truck ICE1 at 0644. The truck supplied heated Type I fluid only. The wings were sprayed with about 100 gallons of fluid and the tail was sprayed with about 60 gallons. A sample was taken and it passed the refractive index test.

A FAA inspector examined whether the accident airplane was within weight and balance limitations at takeoff. Post accident, the freight was unloaded and weighed. The manifest weight was 714 pounds. The actual weight on reweigh was observed to be 704 pounds, plus the 10-pound hazardous material package. This would equal the provided weight of 714 pounds at the time of departure. AirNet (the cargo provider) stated that all of the material had been recovered. This was further determined to be true by comparing the air bills recovered to the air bills known to be on board. No manifest was found at the accident site, although a number of documents normally kept on the top of the aluminum clipboard (“the can”) were not located. A weight and balance form for the accident flight was not located.

Weight and balance computations were performed using four different scenarios. All four scenarios used the following as a standard:

1. 2,200 pounds of fuel.

2. Aircraft weight of 4,466 pounds.

3. Pilot and Jumpseater – 400 pounds.

4. 25 pounds of baggage in zone 5

5. 100 pounds (pallet rollers, tail stand, straps) in zone 6.

6. 10 pound hazmat package in zone 5.

This created a total weight of 7,905 pounds. The Cessna 208B has a maximum allowable gross take-off weight of 8,750 pounds.

The freight scenarios were as follows:

1. 704 pounds of freight located entirely in zone 6. The aircraft was within center of gravity (CG).

2. 704 pounds of freight located in zone 1. The aircraft was out of forward CG.

3. Freight split of 374 pounds in zone 1 and 330 pounds in zone 2. The aircraft was slightly out of forward CG.

4. Freight split of 374 pounds in zone 2 and 330 pounds in zone 3. The aircraft was within CG limits.

METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION

At 0638, the observed weather at LCK was: Wind 080 degrees at 5 knots, visibility 1 3/4 statute miles, ceiling broken 500 feet, overcast 1,700 feet, temperature - 1 degree Celsius (C), dew point - 2 degrees C, altimeter 29.61 inches of mercury.

At 0645, the observed weather at LCK was: Wind 090 degrees at 4 knots, visibility 1 3/4 statute miles, light snow, ceiling broken 500 feet, overcast 1,700 feet, temperature - 1 degree C, dew point - 2 degrees C, altimeter 29.61 inches of mercury.

At 0701, the observed weather at LCK was: Wind 080 degrees at 5 knots, visibility 1 statute miles, light snow, ceiling overcast 500 feet, temperature - 1 degree C, dew point - 2 degrees C, altimeter 29.61 inches of mercury.

Four airplanes departed LCK prior to the accident occurring. At 0627, a Beech Baron departed. The pilot reported that he deiced twice before departing. He reported that he did not pick up any ice while he was on the ground. He reported visibility as 1 1/2 to 2 miles and he entered instrument conditions about 300 to 400 feet above ground level (agl). He did not accumulate any ice until reaching 3,000 feet msl.

At 0639, another Beech Baron departed. The pilot reported that there was light snow during takeoff. He entered the clouds about 800 - 1,000 feet agl. He did not pick up ice until reaching 6,000 feet msl.

At 0641, a Cessna 208 departed. He estimated the visibility as 3 - 4 miles. He picked up a trace amount of ice at approximately 1,000 feet agl, but did not enter instrument conditions until about 5,000 feet msl. ...