N727RP

HISTORY OF FLIGHTOn August 5, 2018, about 1229 Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 414 airplane, N727RP, was destroyed when it was involved in an accident near Santa Ana, California. The pilot and four passengers were fatally injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 business flight.

A review of the John Wayne-Orange County Control Tower (SNA) Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) audio revealed that the pilot contacted SNA tower at 1225, and reported the airplane was at an altitude of 1,700 ft. The controller instructed the pilot to make right traffic for runway 20R. The pilot acknowledged the instruction and the controller then asked the pilot if he could accept runway 20L and informed him the runway was 2,850 ft long. The pilot responded that he was unable to land on runway 20L. Subsequently, the pilot was instructed to hold over the South Coast Plaza, a local VFR holding point, and to conduct left 360turns for sequencing. Less than a minute after denying the original response to land on runway 20L, the pilot responded that he could accept runway 20L for landing. The controller then instructed the pilot to accomplish a left 270° turn and cross directly over the tower at or above 1,300 ft, for left traffic to runway 20L. The pilot acknowledged the instruction.

About 23 seconds later, the controller instructed the pilot to “climb back up to 1,300 ft or above.” Four seconds after the instruction the pilot stated, “emergency, emergency, emergency.” A review of audio transcripts, flight data, and a discussion with an ATCT who witnessed the event, were all consistent with the pilot’s emergency transmissions being made during the start of the steep nose-down descent. No further transmissions were received by the pilot.

A review of flight data provided by the airplane’s Appareo Stratus 2S ADS-B device showed at 1929:10 (all times given as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the airplane was at 96 knots and an altitude of 960 ft msl. Shortly thereafter, the airplane began a left turn. Initially, the airplane’s left bank increased to about 15°; about 10 seconds later, the left bank increased to about 30°. At 1929:15, the airspeed was 91 knots, and the altitude was 955 ft msl. At 1929:20, the airspeed was 85 knots and the altitude was 950 ft msl. The airplane continued the left turn and at 1929:25, the airspeed was 73 knots, the altitude was 894 ft msl, and the roll rate was increased to over 40° of bank; over the next few seconds, the bank increased to nearly 90°. The airplane began to descend, and the vertical speed was about -1200 ft per min (fpm). From this time forward, the airplane’s descent rate increased rapidly. At 1929:27, the airspeed was 62 knots, the altitude was 765 ft msl, and the vertical speed was about -2,300 fpm. At 1929:30, the airspeed was 66 knots, the altitude had decreased to 499 ft msl, and the vertical speed was about -4,400 fpm. The last recorded data point was at 1929:33, when the airspeed was 59 knots, the altitude was 292 ft msl, and the vertical speed about -5,250 fpm.

Multiple witnesses, near the accident site, observed the airplane enter the left bank turn and shortly thereafter, they observed the bank increase and the airplane descend towards the ground at a steep angle. An Air Force pilot said that it looked “like the onset of a spin.” Another pilot holding on the taxiway at SNA, said that this “was the classic stall and spin.”

The airplane came to rest in a shopping mall parking lot and struck several vehicles before coming to rest upright about 35 ft from the entrance of a store.

Observation of online video of the accident airplane showed it in a steep vertical nose down descent, while rotating to the left.

PERSONNEL INFORMATIONThe pilot began flying the accident airplane in January 2017. In the 6 months before the accident, the pilot flew the accident airplane on 14 flights (not including the accident flight) for a total flight time of about 43 hours.

AIRCRAFT INFORMATIONThe airplane was modified in accordance with Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) SE4327SW, which allowed for operation of 325 horsepower at 38 inches manifold pressure at 2,700 rpm. The airplane was also modified IAW STC SA09971SC-D by installation of Hartzell three-bladed constant speed PHC-C3YF-2UF propellers.

Airplane Stall Speeds:

The airplane’s Pilot’s Owner’s Manual (POH) listed the stall speeds. The speeds were listed in mph and were converted to knots for a better comparison with the flight data. At the gross weight of 6,350 pounds, with gear and flaps up, and no bank angle, the stall speed is 81 knots, at 20° of bank, 84 knots, at 40° of bank, 96 knots and at 60° of bank, 121 knots. With the gear extended, 15° of flaps, and no bank angle: the stall speed is at 80 knots, at 20° of bank, 83 knots, at 40° of bank, 91 knots, and at 60° of bank, 114 knots. (Note: The Airplane Flight Manual Supplement for the STC only listed stall speeds for a gross weight of 6,510 pounds. For stall speed at and below 6,350 pounds, the original Pilot’s Operating Manual would be referenced).

The airplane’s POH landing performance table indicated that the landing distance with wing flaps 45° would be sufficient for the use of runway 20L.

AIRPORT INFORMATIONThe airplane was modified in accordance with Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) SE4327SW, which allowed for operation of 325 horsepower at 38 inches manifold pressure at 2,700 rpm. The airplane was also modified IAW STC SA09971SC-D by installation of Hartzell three-bladed constant speed PHC-C3YF-2UF propellers.

Airplane Stall Speeds:

The airplane’s Pilot’s Owner’s Manual (POH) listed the stall speeds. The speeds were listed in mph and were converted to knots for a better comparison with the flight data. At the gross weight of 6,350 pounds, with gear and flaps up, and no bank angle, the stall speed is 81 knots, at 20° of bank, 84 knots, at 40° of bank, 96 knots and at 60° of bank, 121 knots. With the gear extended, 15° of flaps, and no bank angle: the stall speed is at 80 knots, at 20° of bank, 83 knots, at 40° of bank, 91 knots, and at 60° of bank, 114 knots. (Note: The Airplane Flight Manual Supplement for the STC only listed stall speeds for a gross weight of 6,510 pounds. For stall speed at and below 6,350 pounds, the original Pilot’s Operating Manual would be referenced).

The airplane’s POH landing performance table indicated that the landing distance with wing flaps 45° would be sufficient for the use of runway 20L.

WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATIONThe airplane impacted a parking lot about 1.6 miles northwest of SNA. The wreckage was contained within an approximate 150 ft debris trail. The first piece of identified wreckage was the left-wing tip which was located about 90 ft from the main wreckage. The last piece of identified wreckage was the right-wing tip which was located about 60 ft from the main wreckage.

The initial impact point (IIP) was a depression in the asphalt. About 12 ft from this depression was a crater about 3 ft long, 2 ft wide and 6 inches deep. A propeller blade from the left engine was separated from the hub and found in the crater. Several left-wing fragments were found near the IIP. The aileron trim actuator, which was located in the left wing, separated from the wing upon impact, and was observed in the parking lot near the IIP. The aileron trim cables were observed separated, consistent with tension overload.

The main wreckage consisted of the fuselage, right engine, right wing, and empennage. The fuselage was slightly canted to the left. The empennage was mostly separated from the fuselage but remained attached by the control cables. The front of the aircraft and cabin area was destroyed during impact. The cabin door remained attached.

The inboard section of the left wing was separated from the fuselage at the wing root. Furthermore, the left engine, left flap and left main landing gear, remained attached to this inboard wing section.

The right wing remained partially attached to the fuselage. The right wing section outboard of the nacelle was separated and was found within the debris path. The right aileron remained attached at the inboard connection.

The right engine impacted into an unoccupied parked vehicle. The vehicle was then displaced by about 65 ft from its original location. The right propeller separated at the hub and was found inside the aft section of the vehicle. Additionally, a few other unoccupied vehicles were struck by the airplane debris.

The empennage remained partially attached to the fuselage. The vertical stabilizer remained attached to the empennage and was relatively intact. The rudder remained attached to the vertical stabilizer and the rudder trim was near the neutral position. The leading edge of the left horizontal stabilizer sustained impact damage. Both elevators remained attached to their respective horizontal stabilizer. The elevator trim was observed near the neutral position.

Flight control continuity was established from the cockpit area to each respective flight control surface, except for the left aileron, which had separated. Aileron flight control cable continuity was confirmed from the cockpit to the control surfaces bell crank through cable separations that exhibited tensile overload. Rudder and elevator flight control cable continuity was confirmed from the cockpit to the control surface bell cranks, through cable separations that exhibited either tensile overload or were cut by investigators to facilitate recovery.

Examination of the flap motor revealed that the left and right flap chains had 7.5 links from the sprocket, consistent with about a 10° flap setting.

The landing gear actuator was observed in the extended position. Brake assembly parts were observed in one of the impact craters. Additionally, impact markings and damage sustained to the main landing gear assemblies were consistent with the gear in the extended position.

...