N718TB

On July 16, 2022, at 1817 Pacific daylight time, a Socata TB-21, N718TB, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near San Marcos, California. The pilot and passenger were not injured. Two people on the ground received minor injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight.

According to the pilot, he had picked up the airplane following an annual inspection and refueled the airplane to about 56 gallons of fuel onboard. He then conducted a pattern-only flight limited to one approach and landing due to operational constraints imposed by the local tower. The pilot landed, shutdown, and picked up a passenger for a cross-country flight to Fullerton Municipal Airport (FUL), Fullerton, California, to reposition the airplane. The flight departed and about 30 minutes after takeoff, while cruising at 6,500 ft mean sea level (msl) above a heavy marine layer, the engine lost power. The pilot attempted to navigate towards the edge of the marine layer and divert to a nearby airport but could not reach the runway and was forced to land on a road. The airplane struck a vehicle on the road, which separated the left wing from the fuselage. Two occupants of the vehicle received minor injuries.

The wreckage was recovered to a secure location and an engine run was attempted. The engine would not start and run unless the electric fuel pump was turned on. The mechanical fuel pump was removed from the engine. During removal, it was noted that the pump’s drive shaft had sheared. The fuel pump was disassembled; rotational scoring, heat discoloration, and debris were noted on the rotor shaft and bearing bore.

The fuel pump components and debris were sent to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Materials Laboratory for further examination. The scoring and heat discoloration were determined to have occurred due to friction occurring between the rotor shaft and bearing bore, which resulted in the fuel pump drive coupling driveshaft shearing by torsional overstress. Mechanical damage to the affected components did not allow for the determination of pre-event component dimensions.

The pump components and debris were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). EDS scans of rotor material determined the primary element was iron with small alloy additions of chromium, aluminum, and silicon. An EDS spectrum taken from the remaining journal surface showed similar composition. By contrast, the spectrum from the scored (spalled) region exhibited primarily aluminum and silicon elements with some sulfur and iron.

The foreign debris on the carbon bearing examined by EDS exhibited primarily iron peaks (as well as carbon and sulfur). The middle contrast region was similar but with an increase in the relative peak heights of aluminum and silicon.

Several of the ports on the pump exhibited metal shavings or burrs. Two of the three plugged ports on the mounting flange contained one or more metal shavings. A shaving/burr was observed on one of the fuel flow ports, and shavings were observed at the threaded port on the relief valve housing cover plate. A thread was removed from one of the plugged mounting flange ports and an EDS spectrum of the shaving indicated it consisted primarily of aluminum and silicon, with a trace of zinc from the zinc-plated port plug. A reference EDS spectrum of the pump housing consisted primarily of aluminum and silicon. The surfaces of the pump housing were examined for any signs of notable mechanical damage, but none were found. The rubber seal installed at the driven end of the rotor exhibited softening and deformation, consistent with thermal distress.

The mechanical fuel pump had been overhauled May 19, 2022, and was installed on the engine during the annual inspection dated July 11, 2022. The overhaul procedures provide instructions for the removal and replacement of the liner and bearings in the fuel pump housing. After the old liner and bearing are removed, the pump housing is cleaned and prepared for installation of the new liner and bearing. The pump housing is then heated to a prescribed temperature and the bearing and liner are pressed into the pump housing. A powered flexible hone is then used to machine the inside diameter of the bearing to final size. A seal is then installed into the pump housing before the rotor is installed. The rotor installation instructions call for a light coat of petroleum jelly to be applied to the bearing journal of the rotor before installing the rotor, sealing it, and retaining it in the pump housing. The tongue on the drive coupling and groove/slot on the rotor are coated with grease before installing the drive coupling retaining ring.